The JPG format is often used in digital camera memory cards.
The resultant 'lossy' file means that quality can never be recovered. JPG's are often used for web sites and email as they are generally smaller file sizes as they are lossy meaning that some image quality is lost when the JPG is compressed and saved. This does however mean that RAW file sizes are often between two and six times large than standard JPEG images. This provides for better image quality since any calculations used to generate the pixel values (often described as RGB) can be performed on the base data. RAW files are made up of 12 or sometimes 14 bits compared to JPEG which is only made up of 8 bits. Several major manufacturers, including Canon, Sony and Nikon encrypt elements of the file to prevent 3rd party tools from accessing them. Digital camera manufacturers have each developed their own proprietary (often undocumented) formats, often changing the format from one camera model to the next. Generally as the RAW file comes straight from the sensor this gives photographers more control over how the final JPEG or TIFF image is displayed.
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Digital Cameras process the RAW file by changing it to a full colour JPEG or TIFF image file that is stored on a memory card for a camera, but it is usually possible to retain the original RAW file too. In digital photography it is the equivalent of a negative from traditional film-based photography. The RAW file format contains untouched raw pixel information that comes straight from sensors of a digital camera.
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